I find it hard to accept that starter motors have gotten so fragile?
The only way I could imagine trashing one of these was by continuously cranking the engine (i.e. pinipilit i-redondo) that won't start because of some other mechanical problem. You can cause the starter to overheat.
Switching the engine off and starting it again, even frequently (yung within reason of course, not yung 100x in 5 minutes!) shouldn't be cause for much concern. Ewan ko lang ngayon though. Generally, they should last the designed service life of the vehicle.
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As to batteries, cheap brands do last a year only. Getting 3+ or more years on one of the better models, tingin ko sulit na.