Europe Shifts Path for Greek Rescue - WSJ.com
Road Runs Through 'Vienna,' but It Has Bumps; Key Question—What's Voluntary?
Standing together in Berlin Friday, Angela Merkel and Nicolas Sarkozy said they see a way forward for Greece. And it goes via Vienna.
Both cited the "Vienna Initiative" as the way to draw a contribution to the new Greece rescue package from the holders of the roughly €280 billion ($400 billion) of Greek government bonds. It is another piece of jargon in a head-spinning lexicon that also includes reprofiling, rescheduling, restructuring, and rollovers.
But will it help Greece's official creditors reduce the amount they must lend to keep Athens afloat? At first, the Vienna Initiative appears more like a metaphor than a template for Greece.
The original initiative, conceived in 2009 in the Austrian capital, was triggered by worries then that a flight of funds from Romania, Hungary, Serbia, Latvia and Bosnia would worsen economic crises in those countries. The main part of it was a voluntary commitment by Western banks to keep capital in their subsidiaries in those countries and maintain loan volumes.
As a "private sector contribution," investors could be compelled to extend the maturities of their debts or payoff maturing bonds with new bonds. But that would lead rating agencies to call the bonds in default, which could trigger a damaging contagion to other countries. (Greece would be declared in 'selective default,' because it would still be servicing other bonds.)
Leave it as a truly voluntary participation instead, with holders of maturing bonds given something else to buy, and the "private sector contribution" would be close to zero.
But lots of techniques that look voluntary could trigger a default call. If an investor exchanges maturing bonds for new paper paying less than the current 20%-30%, there's a default.
"Whether it's voluntary or not isn't the primary determinant," said David Riley, managing director of the sovereign group at Fitch Ratings, adding that the key issue will be whether bond holders suffer some sort of economic loss in a deal. "It's hard to see how you're going to get substantive debt relief for Greece without implying some kind economic loss for holders."