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Crisis, Oil and the U.S. Dollar [/SIZE]
[SIZE=1]By Sylvia L. Mayuga
INQUIRER.net
First Posted 01:38:00 07/27/2008[/SIZE]
At the eve of another State of the Nation address to a skeptical Filipino citizenry, memory wanders back to the Foundation for Higher Consciousness and the Environment founded by the far-seeing Maximo Kalaw, Jr. in the 1970s. There a handful of his fellow Pinoys listened to New Age visionaries like
Stanley Krippner and
Hazel Henderson about a possible alternative future for the world and our ever shortchanged country in a
paradigm shift. That phrase would become a global buzzword, like “renewable energy” that could leave our children a far more desirable Earth than the one we found – if we worked hard.
We did, but who was it who said that light wakes people but it takes heat to make them move? Nearly 40 years had to pass before the largest industrial nations finally admitted to their fossil-fueled pollution; and for windmills, solar panels and biofuels to arrive at the tail of global warming’s drought, hurricanes and storms, one more violent than the last. Time seems to be folding into itself as visions of the ‘70s return full strength, no longer as ideals but as imperatives to survival in multiple crises increasingly hostile to life.
Life is fighting back. This week heat arrived with light in an e-mail about a major element of crisis no Arroyo SONA is likely to mention this way. Titled “Why the U.S. dollar bubble is about to burst,” the short piece was unsigned, but it was forwarded by a trustworthy source, with Web links that allowed cross-checking.
This was no spam, I found. One by one the links led to the article’s original provocation – a brief comment by a Dr. Bulent Gukay of Keele University in the U.K., published in May 2006 by the Scottish socialist magazine called
Voice. It linked oil and Iran, the U.S. dollar and the euro with a twist one rarely, if ever encounters in
mainstream media.
An inviting detective’s trail had opened. I also found the source of the e-mailed article, bylined “Steve Masterson,” in the IndyMedia U.K. website. It had apparently expanded Dr. Gukay’s comment into a full-length piece posted a month later. Not surprisingly, it caught the interest of a global spectrum of readers, posted in 18 websites of fascinating variety – from the Russian
Pravda and
Novosti to
Cebu City Today, from a Shia Islam website to a World Dap-ay Forum based in Baguio City.
The Web trail turned cold on author credentials, however, yielding nothing on Dr. Gukay’s career and persuasion, followed by inconsistency on Steve Masterson. (There seemed to be at least two with the same name.) Still, what they – and the experts they quote – have to say on the U.S. dollar, its role in global trade, war and peace, and now death by crisis turned out worth considering on their own merit.
Readers who have not yet realized how and why the U.S. dollar began its plunge and where all this could be going may find survival value in this review of world economic history with political underpinnings and environmental consequences.
One of the best links led to Cóilín Nunan, who has taken his background in math from the universities of Brussels, Oxford and Cambridge into social development work. Matching independent scholarship with humanism, he decries global media silence on strategic economic decisions by secretive governments that habitually leave vulnerable citizens out of the decision-making loop.
Two years before the present crises hit us all in the gut, Nunan wrote:
“Should we not be debating more openly what kind (or kinds) of international financial structure (s) we want to adopt, since the question has potentially huge implications for the stability of the world economy and for peace and stability in oil-exporting countries?”
He jumpstarts such a debate with basic hard facts on the U.S. dollar for non-economists:
“The dollar is the de facto world reserve currency: the US currency accounts for approximately two thirds of all official exchange reserves. More than four-fifths of all foreign exchange transactions and half of all world exports are denominated in dollars. In addition, all IMF loans are denominated in dollars.
“This confers on the US a major economic advantage: the ability to run a trade deficit year after year. It can do this because foreign countries need dollars to repay their debts to the IMF, to conduct international trade and to build up their currency reserves.
“The US provides the world with these dollars by buying goods and services produced by foreign countries, but since it does not have a corresponding need for foreign currency, it sells far fewer goods and services in return, i.e. the US always spends more than it earns, whereas the rest of the world always earns more than it spends.”
Article writer Masterson follows Nunan’s trajectory:
“This system of the US dollar acting as global reserve currency in oil trade keeps the demand for the dollar `artificially' high. This enables the US to carry out printing dollars at the price of next to nothing to fund increased military spending and consumer spending on imports. There is no theoretical limit to the amount of dollars that can be printed. As long as the US has no serious challengers, and the other states have confidence in the US dollar, the system functions.”
That said, from all our ringside seats on the tight embrace between a plunging dollar and the skyrocketing oil prices raining body blows on millions of lives worldwide, we begin learning how this horrific situation came about.
This is what one Krassimir Petrov, Ph.D has to say:
“Economically, the American Empire was born with Bretton Woods in 1945. The U.S. dollar was not fully convertible to gold, but was made convertible to gold only to foreign governments. This established the dollar as the reserve currency of the world. It was possible because during WWII, the United States had supplied its allies with provisions, demanding gold as payment, thus accumulating a significant portion of the world's gold.
“An Empire would not have been possible if, following the Bretton Woods arrangement, the dollar supply was kept limited and within the availability of gold, so as to fully exchange back dollars for gold.
“However, the guns-and-butter policy of the 1960's was an imperial one: the dollar supply was relentlessly increased to finance Vietnam and LBJ's Great Society. Most of those dollars were handed over to foreigners in exchange for economic goods, without the prospect of buying them back at the same value. The increase in dollar holdings of foreigners via persistent U.S. trade deficits was tantamount to a tax -- the classical inflation tax that a country imposes on its own citizens, this time around an inflation tax that (the) U.S. imposed on rest of the world.
“When in 1970-1971 foreigners demanded payment for their dollars in gold, the U.S. Government defaulted on its payment on August 15, 1971. While the popular spin told the story of ‘severing the link between the dollar and gold,’ in reality the denial to pay back in gold was an act of bankruptcy by the U.S. Government. Essentially, the U.S. declared itself an Empire.
“It had extracted an enormous amount of economic goods from the rest of the world, with no intention or ability to return those goods, and the world was powerless to respond – the world was taxed and it could not do anything about it.”
All that happened from the 1940s to the ‘70s. There’s far more to learn as America, presently the planet’s largest polluter, began promoting “globalization” in the late ‘80s into the ‘90s.
You can imagine, dear reader, how one column is not enough space for even this summary of what else the whole planet urgently needs to know about oil, multiple crises and the U.S. dollar. We must continue this next week.
Meanwhile, I leave you with a paradigm shift of an interview with one of ailing superpower America’s healthiest cells – no, not Oprah but her scholarly activist elder,
Hazel Henderson.
Respond to:
slmayuga*yahoo.com