Product Recovery CD usually for re-installing the OE only like factory out-from-the-box progams, seldom does it contain content-recovery program or similar ghost service. There's high chances that you can still recover the files since the boot recovery option is present, you just need to patch-up the boot files that were corrupted/damaged.

Was the folder My Documents set to private mode? If that is, it will be encrypted and you will not be able to recover the files easily by docking your hardisk to another computer.

Heres additional things you can do
- Enter BIOS(F1, F2,F12, esc yata sa Toshiba) set boot priority to optical drive, save and re-start. Run recovery CD and look for the recovery using Restore Point. Set the oldest restore point - that will wipe-out all newly installed programs in the registry but will retain your personal files. Do it with caution since one mistake or selecting full-HDD recovery could mean byebye to your files..
- Try booting on command prompt or DOS shell. That will give you additional options like scandisk,defrag, manual copying of files, some patching of damaged files. This maybe possible using a floppy drive/disc with DOS 6 or higher and some knowledge of DOS, soo old procedure but sometimes helpful.
- Buy your new laptop. Do a research on how to remove HDD from your old lappy (usually its held by philips or torx bit fasteners).There are video and guides on the net for a tear-down process that usually shows installation is just the reverse of removal. Remove HDD, check the interface type, go to CDR KING and get appropriate enclosure or tool. Plugin the external enclosure to your new laptop and access directory, copy desktop mydocuments, run disk-utility checking tool to fix bad clusters.

That i think are your best options for now, beyond that you need to learn more tech stuff. The risk of losing the file will be high since it will be a trial and error for first timers. I've recovered files of my coworkers laptops and most difficult ones are those with damaged hardisk. I suggest you buy new PC or lappy asap, make your old laptop as backup if you will be able to fix it. Nowdays its practical to maintain 2 personal computer/laptop just for the sake of data backup/recovery.