Asia needs to prepare for oil crisis
BY MICHAEL RICHARDSON
10 Jan, 2012 04:00 AM
Iran and the West are in a war of words as the United States and European Union governments prepare to enforce progressively harsher sanctions on Iran's energy and banking sectors over its nuclear program.
In response, Iran is intensifying threats to block the Strait of Hormuz, the only way by sea to and from the Persian Gulf and the main gateway for Middle East oil exports.
Most analysts believe that Iran, on the northern side of the narrow strait, could prevent giant tankers and other commercial ships from using the channel, either by using force or simply declaring a blockade and announcing it had laid mines.
The latter tactic, whether mines were there or not, would immediately drive insurance rates to prohibitive levels for tankers using the strait.
While Iran might close the inbound and outbound shipping channels, it could probably not do so for long if the US and its allies took resolute steps to reopen the strait.
Iran, the second-largest oil exporter after Saudi Arabia in the Organisation of Oil Exporting Countries, could be hurt by its own action, since it too is heavily dependent on Hormuz shipping.
However, if a crisis played out, Asia would suffer most among oil-importing regions from any disruption to international oil supplies and the impact of sharply higher oil prices.
Since the last major rupture in the flow of oil from the Gulf after Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in 1990-91, Asia has greatly increased its reliance on Middle East oil to fuel rapid economic growth and expansion of modern transport networks that rely on petrol, diesel, jet fuel and other products refined from crude oil.
Meanwhile, Europe and the US have diversified their oil imports away from the Gulf. For example, Europe now buys 25per cent of Iran's crude oil exports, down from 47per cent in 1995. In the same period, Asia's share has risen to 36per cent, from 23per cent in 1995. The US, the world's largest petroleum consumer, currently gets just 18per cent of its oil imports from the Gulf and none comes from Iran.