You only went wrong in assuming that the drivers around you would be sensible and do the safe thing. You're in the right as the first car in line, to try and overtake the jeepney, but many drivers will often try to seize the opportunity to "get ahead" and will try to cut you off.

Some jeepney drivers (not all) are complete a$$holes who block the road to unload, then will race to stay ahead of whoever's trying to get around them.

In such situations, let the guy behind you pass, the jeepney to race him, and those two idiots to have it out with each other when they crash...

Observance lang talaga. On Philippine roads, you have to have eyes in front, behind, to the side and to the skies (an armored car might fall on top of you) to keep safe. And a thick skin.