Will US be forced to nationalize banks?
NEW YORK - The US government's latest bank rescue, this time a multi-billion dollar lifeline handed to Bank of America, has led to more talk of what once would have been unthinkable -- European-style nationalization of major American banks.
Few see the government nationalizing the entire banking system the way Sweden did in the 1990s, but the US is growing more willing to put significant pressure on the largest banks.
Over time, the government could exercise the same day-to-day control over major US banks as with IndyMac Bank, a failed California thrift that the US government operated for much of last year.
"We're nationalizing banks one at a time now. The real question is, will the biggest ones need to be nationalized?" said Roy Smith, professor at New York University's Stern School of Business.
The US banking system desperately needs capital. Shortfall estimates range from $700 billion to more than $2 trillion.
That money will not come from the private sector as long as the pending losses are all but impossible to estimate.
Without private investors bailing out the sector, whose functioning is key to reviving an economy mired in recession, the US government will have little option but to step up.
There are reasons to question whether full nationalization of the biggest banks is likely any time soon.
Nationalizing just one of JPMorgan Chase & Co., Bank of America Corp., or Citigroup, which together have about half the assets in the banking system, would double the Federal Reserve's balance sheet instantly.
That could weigh on the dollar, which has already fallen some 17 percent against the Japanese yen since August.
And if the government were to nationalize one large lender, shareholders would likely lose confidence in other marginal banks.
"If you nationalize Citigroup, you'll have to nationalize 10 other banks. It won't just stop with one," said Marc Snyder, senior financial stock analyst at Symphony Asset Management in San Francisco.
The banking industry itself is obviously opposed to nationalization.
"If it weren't for the political power of the industry, nationalizing is what you'd want to do. It's almost a no-brainer," said Dean Baker, co-director of the Center for Economic and Policy Research.
But over time, the government will likely have little choice but to step in more completely, said Sean Egan, founding principal at rating agency Egan-Jones Ratings.
"It's a slow-moving train wreck, and nothing can be done," he said.