At the end of the day, it's not the private car owner that causes the massive traffic in the city. it's the buses, jeepneys, FXs, taxis, and other PUVs that stop at almost every block, even at green-lit intersections. Private car owners use their vehicles for a few minutes to get from Point A to Point B. PUVs are on the roads all day, even during hours when each PUV can hardly reach 20% capacity. The MMDA should really look at all these and find a way to dissolve the color coding and color coding exemptions and windows that don't really improve traffic, but simply makes everything convoluted.