I think item number 2 will be under the category of self damage. For example, my front bumper has a dent. Following the advise of casa, I should "collect more" then later claim it to the insurance company.

Now if I were to deliberately bump another vehicle whom is at disadvantage in its position to "gain" from my insurance claim, then that is what I would call a fraud.

So what really makes it a bad thing is the so called "intention of the heart". With this I am reminded of what I've read,

"For the heart is deceitful above all things, and desperately sick; who can understand it?"

If I may digress as I express my opinion, that whenever someone says, "follow your heart", I beg to disagree.