Reader question: What is the best way to store fuel, gasoline or kerosene? I was thinking of burring a 55 gallon drum with the top at ground level, with a hand pump for access. Do you paint the drum with tar? What do you suggest on both issues?
Gasoline is probably the hardest fuel to store for any length of time. It has a high vapor pressure (which means it evaporates quickly) and will go stale in a few weeks if not chemically treated. Stored gasoline must be treated with an additive like STA-BIL Fuel Stabilizer (pretty good) or even better… PRI-G (gasoline) or PRI-D (diesel), and protected from moisture if it is to be stored for any length of time. Gasoline has an auto-ignition temperature of 536-degrees Fahrenheit (the minimum temperature required to ignite a gas or vapor in air without a spark or flame being present).
Kerosene is one of the easiest fuels to store, and is more versatile than most people think. It does not evaporate as readily as gasoline and will remain stable in storage with no special treatment. Many pre-1950 farm tractor engines were designed to run on kerosene, and diesels will run on kerosene if necessary. With an auto-ignition temperature very similar to gasoline, kerosene will auto-ignite in air at 563-degrees F.
With regards to smaller fuel storage containers, use only approved containers. While there are approved plastic containers, these often have caps or seals that can get lost. The best way to safely store gasoline is in a heavy duty, self-closing approved metal gasoline safety can marked with letters UL (approved by Underwriters Laboratory).
…a few common-sense precautions
Keep gasoline out of children’s sight and reach.
Never store gasoline in glass containers or non-reusable plastic containers such as milk jugs.
Store only enough gasoline necessary to power equipment and let machinery cool before refueling it.
Never use gasoline inside the home or as a cleaning agent.
Clean up spills promptly and discard clean-up materials properly.
Do not smoke when handling gasoline.
Never use gasoline in place of kerosene.
Only fill portable gasoline containers outdoors. Place the container on the ground before filling and never fill containers inside a vehicle or in the bed of a pick-up truck.
If the storage location is permanent, and you are considering using a buried tank, set it below the frost line where temperatures are stable at 55° F or so, which will inhibit evaporation. If buried fuel tanks offend your sense of environmental responsibility, then consider above ground storage, or an underground vault which has the added advantage of being able to inspect the tanks from time to time.
55-gallon steel drums can be useful for above-ground storage, vertical with a hand pump or horizontally mounted on a rack with a spigot valve. An advantage to this method is that it is portable (compared to underground storage). Store in a shaded place because sunlight will speed up the oxidation process of the fuel and temperature swings will cause condensation to form at the bottom (keep a valve at the bottom to periodically drain for this purpose). Keeping the tank near full will reduce chances of condensation. You could use a fuel filter at the output valve to separate the water from fuel if this is a concern.
Although you should consult your local regulations regarding underground (and above ground) fuel storage, ‘if’ one were to decide to bury a 55-gallon steel drum, know that all steel tanks will eventually leak, a not so good prospect if underground. If you must store fuel underground, you should use purpose-built underground storage tanks. Otherwise, be sure to at least coat the tank exterior with many coats of rust inhibitor and/or coat with a thick coat of heavy roofing tar which will help significantly.