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  1. Join Date
    Mar 2007
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    855
    #281
    I second that... Money indeed makes the world go round.

    Without money... puro drawing lang tayo.

    It is also useless to make designs that is not required by the funding institutions or personalities.

    Reality check: Those who have the money - will make their own design. Kahit pangit ito sa paningin ng marami - the moment it can see the light of day... Marketing Hype can do its' magic and make the item earn pogi points... magaling naman ang pinoy mag sensationalize.

    Moreover - wala namang ka kompetisyon na concrete eh... so he who can concretize his ideas - whether ugly or not - will win.

    I once thought I could finance my own ideas once by selling my old car collections... but I sold them too low to be able to fund the hobby.

    The next time I can get my hands on some cash again - small or big... I should just decide to spend on the hobby - right away... see what happens.

    Ikanga ni Villar... Sipag at Tiyaga lang yan... at mayaman na asawa.

    What we really need is Manny... este Money.
    Last edited by ehnriko; September 14th, 2009 at 03:17 PM. Reason: grammar

  2. Join Date
    Jul 2008
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    1,889
    #282
    We really do have a forum in tsikot. Informative, always. Boring, never.

  3. Join Date
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    29,354
    #283

  4. Join Date
    Nov 2008
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    #284
    Quote Originally Posted by ehnriko View Post
    Reality check: Those who have the money - will make their own design. Kahit pangit ito sa paningin ng marami - the moment it can see the light of day... Marketing Hype can do its' magic and make the item earn pogi points... magaling naman ang pinoy mag sensationalize.
    That is how many Filipino upstarts think.... until they fail.


    The Pinoy-made Car that crashed and burned even before it can take off. Same with the Parejo before it.

    Marketing Hype can only get you so far. In the end, if you make Crappy and Ugly products, the market will abandon you like the plague.

  5. Join Date
    Mar 2007
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    855
    #285
    Quote Originally Posted by marg View Post
    Marketing Hype can only get you so far. In the end, if you make Crappy and Ugly products, the market will abandon you like the plague.
    In the outside world where Car Design is more evolved... their trade thrives in keeping secrets.

    In the Philippines - we cannot thrive if we are divided.

    If we keep secrets among ourselves... we will not be able to accomplish anything in the global game that we did not create.

    We can only win the game they created with their rules if we see ourselves as one.

    With the above light, Romski - no offense meant, this is just a creative criticism. You kept your project under wraps intending you can make a surprise for the market not only as a possible solution to solve the dying Pinoy Automotive Industry and saving the 50,000 jobs under this field.

    You had access to the best talents available for free - you should've used it.

    If you can see Lio's renderings right now - you will be amazed and he's not even full time on this, lalo na siguro kung magiging career niya ito.

    Another genius in rendering is Sixto Del Rosario - but his full time job as a 3d animator in a big media company prevents him also to land a career in automotive design.

    Experience plus know how can get you somewhere... but IMAGINATION plus Talent can bring you EVERYWHERE.

    There should not be any competition here. We need to work on helping each other as ONE COUNTRY. Divided we are simply FOOLS!

    Very rare will you find a guy in an automotive store whom you can ask good opinions when you buy some parts. For example, if you buy a water pump for your say - project vehicle.

    All of them will ask you a part code or a vehicle model and year. You can't give them this but you can tell them your requirement... say I need a pump that will give out 5 GPM and about 10 PSI boost - to be used under 150 deg. Centigrate condition. I dont give a **** about what car engine model this will come from - but it should meet this requirement or somehow close to it.

    Then immediately - they will say, Hay sorry sir - di po namin alam kung anong binibili niyo. Kelangan po talaga may part number.

    If you get this all the time, then one is forced to go into the surplusan and bring his Caliper to measure and scout for parts. I doubt is these surplasan will allow one to do this. You already see the level of difficulty for one to build something out of over the counter materials in this country.

    Based on the above, Clearly we can see that Pinoys are not thinking above the programmed level wherein they are bounded to... this is planned and systematically ingrained into our minds.

    We dont care about specifications, dimensions or applications... We are bonded with Part codes and numbers. Keeping us under the control of THEM.

    If we only know that most car companies use PLATFORM SHARING... then we can really save a lot in our maintenance costs.

    We can use the same knowledge in what we aim to do.

    For example, engine design. We can easily build a retrofit kit to dress up say a VVTI engine. what are the parts that can be made of plastic, polyacetals, HDPE's, Fiberglass, aluminum or Kirksites.

    We can take the easiest part to redesign, build our mold or dye... make some prototypes, try the fit, put our own logo or signature... modify the design to accomodate provisions for cooling, mounting fasteners for ignition cables, replace with fancy looking allen bolts... change the hue and tone of the anodized look... etc. Then submit it to Car Makers and make letter of intent to supply... provided there is enough raw materials locally and if the cost to produce will be competitive. If they dont buy it, then target the local tuners - post it in Magazines, join car shows promote it.

    These are just ideas... I wont go into details... but I hope you can see the forest now and not the trees.

    Bottomline, SALES...

    The most successful designs that raked billions... will bring SALES. The Business Engineers can always sell anything - but the degree of success will always boil down - IF THE PRODUCT CAN SELL ITSELF after the sale.

    Selling people with products that have very small density of thought is like ripping people off with their money.

    Products should have MORE DENSITY OF THOUGHT in it.

    The costly part will only be the design process... but the more expensive the design... the CHEAPER the product can become. THE EASIER FOR IT to be sold.

    Example... VW Beetles & NOKIA Cellfones

    I am merely nobody... not even an authority on these things... I am only stating things according to what I HAVE OBSERVED.

  6. Join Date
    Jan 2008
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    66
    #286
    Maybe the government should invite or even support this inventor under the balik-scientist program. He was born in Hawaii but grew up in the Philippines. If I'm not mistaken his lineage is Filipino or partly Filipino based on his last name. Even the Koreans and Japanese invite a lot of foreign engineers and scientists to teach in their research institutions in order to help close the gap with their western counterparts in developing the next generation of products for their manufacturing industry. The guy apparently has more than a hundred inventions to his name. In case you guys are interested here's the link to his story with some videos of the mighty aka "MYT" engine;

    http://fuel-efficient-vehicles.org/energy-news/?p=531

  7. Join Date
    Aug 2004
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    22,702
    #287
    That's really an interesting one. Remeber when it first came out. The two big questions are:

    1. The durability of the reciprocating assembly that manages the energy transfer between the two firing banks of pistons. Each of these may see less speeds than the reciproacting assembly on a normal piston engine, but if the power is even a fraction of what they hope it will be, then the torque on them will be enormous.

    2. Intake/exhaust timing and emissions. Since his intake and exhaust ports are built into the head, there is the question of how he can vary the timing of the combustion event in order to achieve emissions compliance. This isn't unsolvable, I guess, if Mazda does it with the Renesis (whose ports are also valveless and built into the head)... but the Mazda rotary is a lot less complicated.

    I wonder if they can actually make it work. It's a splendid idea.

    Ang pagbalik ng comeback...

  8. Join Date
    Jun 2007
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    2,857
    #288
    I hope in the very near future, Pinoys can build small engines for small locally assembled utility vehicles like tricycles and hopefully four wheeler motorcycles.

    A small kei like utility car also can be powered by a small engine.

    A
    small engine made in Hongkong:



    Brief Description:

    400cc, 4 stroke, triple cylinder high torque engine suitable for motorcycle, ATV, utility vehicles or three wheelers.
    PTS Motors ltd [ Hong Kong ]

  9. Join Date
    Jul 2007
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    12
    #289
    ako nag de design na ng engine parts

  10. Join Date
    Jun 2008
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    1,439
    #290
    Yung barkada ko nagfabricate ng intake spacer para sa Toyota 3S-GE. Madali lang gawin. Maganda rin ang gains. Siguro kaya na nga natin gumawa ng mga simple bolt-on parts.

  11. Join Date
    Jun 2007
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    2,857
    #291
    Quote Originally Posted by Vahltomotive View Post
    ako nag de design na ng engine parts
    Quote Originally Posted by roberto_minosa View Post
    Yung barkada ko nagfabricate ng intake spacer para sa Toyota 3S-GE. Madali lang gawin. Maganda rin ang gains. Siguro kaya na nga natin gumawa ng mga simple bolt-on parts.
    They should be supported by the government and private sector (MVPMAP) through non-monetary incentives

  12. Join Date
    Feb 2008
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    1,636
    #292
    the MYT engine is nice, pero kung masira yung timing mechanism nya (at kung dadating to sa pilipinas) nose bleed malamang ang mga mechaniko natin lol

  13. Join Date
    Jun 2007
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    2,857
    #293
    [SIZE=4]Local auto parts makers see gains from trade pact
    [/SIZE]

    By Abigail L. Ho
    Philippine Daily Inquirer
    First Posted 23:06:00 06/07/2010


    LOCAL manufacturers of auto parts and components are expected to be the largest beneficiaries of the country’s participation in the Asean-Australia-New Zealand Free Trade Agreement (AANZFTA), which took effect at the start of the year.


    Based on findings of a trade mission made up of Filipino auto parts makers in Australia early last year, there was a lot of demand there for parts that local manufacturers were capable of producing, Trade Senior Undersecretary Thomas Aquino said.


    With Australia’s huge motor vehicle market, registering an average demand of 1 million units a year, there is room enough for another player in the Australian auto parts market, he added.


    Also, parts for offroad vehicles, which do not have much of a market in the Philippines, may be manufactured here and shipped to Australia, where such vehicles are very popular, Aquino said.


    “We’ll talk to existing assemblers in Australia, including Toyota and Ford,” he said. “Local parts makers are also looking for certification services there, as there is no certifying body here. We need to have our products certified before we can enter the Australian market.”


    The Department of Trade and Industry is also working on having a delegation of Australian auto parts makers come to the Philippines, Aquino said.


    Other possible local beneficiaries of the AANZFTA are manufacturers of copper wires and cables, and producers of packaging materials.
    Aquino said local furniture makers could also take advantage of zero duties for their products in Australia and New Zealand, but they would have to comply with stringent quarantine requirements of both countries.

    http://business.inquirer.net/money/t...rom-trade-pact


  14. Join Date
    Jun 2007
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    2,857
    #294
    Bike parts maker eyes export


    Malaya Business Insights
    June 11, 2010

    Keen Innovation Motortech Inc., a sister company of motorcycle assembler Blaze Motortech Corp., is putting up a P78.5 million parts manufacturing facility in Barangay Pandayan, Meycauayan, Bulacan.


    The company will supply not only Blaze, an assembler of motorcycles registered with the Board of Investments (BOI), but also other motorcycle assemblers locally and abroad.


    Blaze and Keen Innovation both have common stockholder, Wilbert Lim.



    Commercial operation is set March 2011 and will employ 82.
    The project has been approved by the BOI.


    Keen Innovation will produce frame assembly, swing arm subs assembly, seat assembly, wiring harness and various plastic parts such as box cover, cycra plastic kit, disc guard, fender, mud guard, side panels, headlight body, lens and reflector.



    Initially, most of the raw materials will be imported from China but the company will eventually outsource from local sub-contractors.


    The products will be coursed through motorcycle assemblers nationwide.



    The company already has a letter of intent to supply parts and component from its sister company, Blaze Motortech.


    Keen Innovation also plans to export to neighboring countries like Indonesia, Singapore and Thailand.



    Blaze is a participant in the Motor Vehicle Development Program and has an existing partnership with Chongqing Yinxiang Motorcycle (Group) Co. Ltd. -

    Irma Isip

    http://www.malaya.com.ph/06112010/busi7.html

  15. Join Date
    Jun 2007
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    2,857
    #295
    [SIZE=3]Young engineers make fuel-efficient cars
    [/SIZE]

    By Amy R. Remo
    Philippine Daily Inquirer
    First Posted 18:46:00 06/12/2010


    A YOUNG breed of Filipino student engineers will soon race their way to Malaysia where they are set to unveil what could be the next frontier in sustainable mobility – three prototype vehicles that will drive past the borders of fuel efficiency.


    Armed with extensive research and training, top students from the country’s leading engineering schools will be representing the Philippines in the first Shell Eco-marathon Asia in July, when they will present their own designs and concepts of what makes a fuel-efficient car.


    Future engineers from Don Bosco Technical College, Mapua Institute of Technology and University of Sto. Tomas will compete with over a hundred teams from different countries in Asia at the Sepang International Circuit in Malaysia.


    Though set in a famous F-1 racetrack, the Shell Eco-marathon will not be about breaking speed records, but rather about going the farthest distance possible with the least amount of fuel or energy consumed and the least carbon emissions produced.


    “The Shell Eco-marathon is a major educational project where students work together to explore potential solutions to both current and future transport and energy challenges,” said Shell VP for communications Roberto S. Kanapi.


    According to Kanapi, these prototypes are not merely ordinary vehicles, but rather “inventions worthy to represent the Philippines in the historic Shell Eco-marathon.”


    It was only Thursday last week that the students had officially revealed their entry vehicles.


    The teams

    Headed by Mark Lester Arrieta, the Don Bosco team is hoping to snag a win in July as it used lightweight materials, minimized road friction and reduced the engine’s RPM (revolution per minute). The vehicle was dubbed as Team Grigio, taking after the name of Don Bosco’s guard dog.


    The Mapua Cardinals, headed by Jericho Paulo Rivera, used an interesting technique when it punctured more than 300 12-millimeter holds in the low stress areas of the vehicle thus making it more aerodynamic. The group likewise used an F-1 inspired steering wheel for its vehicle, which it dubbed Team Atlanta.


    For the UST Tigers, keeping the engine displacement low and using the modern Electronic Fuel Injection technology to accurately control fuel consumption may be their key in securing a victory in Malaysia. The team, headed by Tim Mervin Orille, has named its entry Tiger 400.


    According to Kanapi, the objective of the marathon is two-pronged. First, it can provide future engineers and opportunity to practice hands-on application of concepts learned in the classroom, and second, it will build passionate drivers among Filipinos and encourage them to help others save more fuel.


    The Shell Eco-marathon, he adds, would also serve as an arena where Philippine universities can showcase their programs capable of breeding globally competitive engineers.


    “This is a perfect venue where Filipino students can demonstrate that they are at par with other engineering students in Asia in terms of technical superiority. The Shell Eco-marathon is an excellent platform for promoting technical careers among the Filipino youth, which is vital for the country’s growth and development,” Kanapi notes.


    The Philippine delegate to Malaysia will also be joined by the winners of Shell’s Smartest Drivers challenge, a competition aimed at challenging Filipino drivers to come up with creative and practical tips to minimize fuel consumption.


    Like the students, the winners of the Smartest Drivers challenge will compete with other Asian countries for the title of “Asia’s Smartest Fuel Saver.” The oil company hopes to inspire thousands of other drivers to save on fuel as well.


    Origin

    The Shell Eco-marathon concept began in 1939 when the “Shell Mileage Marathon” scientists in the US challenged each other in an internal competition to see whose [COLOR=blue ! important][COLOR=blue ! important]car[/COLOR][/COLOR] gave the best mileage. The idea was resurrected decades later and served as the inspiration for the introduction of the first Shell Eco-marathon Europe in 1985.


    The Shell Eco-marathon Americas meanwhile debuted in 2007.
    According to Shell, the marathon does not only aim to inspire engineering students to develop innovative approaches to mobility and fuel efficiency.
    It was meant to help promote efficient energy use, address environmental concerns linked to the use of fossil fuels, understand current patterns of consumption, and to explore alternative energies.


    http://business.inquirer.net/money/t...efficient-cars

  16. Join Date
    Mar 2007
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    855
    #296
    I guess I am blessed to have known a few of the Philippines most Smartest Drivers who have made their records in the international circle.

    Lito Dulce and Maoie Tiangco in the 1970's using a Sakbayan (VW Outback Buggy) - hit 25km per liter in the Shell or Petron Economy Run.

    Oscar Nuque recently (Lito Dulces' protigee) hit 52 km per liter using an Isuzu Diesel SUV.

    Shell has been Sponsoring Hypermiling competitions for so long.

    I once dreamed of joining the X-Prize challenge in 1987, but there was not one Filipino soul who knew about this that time? I wonder why?... or maybe, I wasn't able to meet them yet.

    The kids who plan to join this now are all using informations and techniques already been used and filed from SAE - there are tons of them.

    Don Bosco has a reputation for being good with engines... They may have an advantage with engine design.

    Mapua will have the advantage with body aerodynamics and construction.

    UST will have difficulty overcoming other issues that can make Fuel Injection systems less advantageous....

    If I could have it my way - I would form all these teams... delegate the Aerodynamics and Ergonomics to Mapua, the engine and Gearing to Don Bosco, Fuel Management and Metering System to UST... and let my friend Oscar Nuque drive it.

    To win a big event like this... you need to put the best of everything in it.

    Otherwise... we will be making up excuses why we didn't win.

    We don't have to experience failures... we can always learn from the mistakes of the past.

    I am more keen in knowing what kind of consciousness the participants have.

    Predators? or Prey?

  17. Join Date
    Oct 2002
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    29,354
    #297
    I have seen in a tv show years ago that you can get really good results even with old engines like the single cylinder engines from an old scooter or small motorcycle.

    With minimal modification, you can get amazing results. It's all in the matter of managing the way you run or turn off the engine during the laps around the track.

  18. Join Date
    Jun 2007
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    2,857
    #298
    Quote Originally Posted by ehnriko View Post
    Don Bosco has a reputation for being good with engines... They may have an advantage with engine design.

    Mapua will have the advantage with body aerodynamics and construction.

    UST will have difficulty overcoming other issues that can make Fuel Injection systems less advantageous....

    If I could have it my way - I would form all these teams... delegate the Aerodynamics and Ergonomics to Mapua, the engine and Gearing to Don Bosco, Fuel Management and Metering System to UST... and let my friend Oscar Nuque drive it.

    To win a big event like this... you need to put the best of everything in it.

  19. Join Date
    Jun 2007
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    #299
    Hopefully, the new administration will help in addressing their concerns.

    Metals industry on survival mode

    BY PAUL ICAMINA
    June 22,2010
    Malaya Business Insights



    First of two parts

    Metals engineering in the country is in a meltdown, caused by what the industry calls a "declining manufacturing culture".


    The local know-how is three to five years behind while new technology for production, automation and robotics are expensive, according to the 2011-2015 road map crafted by stakeholders and the Metals Industry Research and Development Center (MIRDC).


    Actual skills and competencies required by manufacturing firms are low, there is a shortage of competent and skilled engineers and training programs are obsolete, according to the road map unveiled by the MIRDC, an agency of the Department of Science and Technology.


    Because of the recent global economic crisis, "the metals industry is on a plateau, on a survival mode," engineer Arthur D. Cruz, MIRDC chief, told Malaya Business Insight. "If we don’t wake up, we will compromise industry sustainability and marginalize it."


    As his deputy, Dr. Augustin M. Fudolig simply put it, "we’re behind."
    "There is no steel industry," said Dr. Danilo N. Pilar, head of MIRDC’s Industry Assistance Division, pointed out.


    Cruz is optimistic, however, saying the Philippines is "strong in innovative agricultural equipment and high-value products for the electronics industry. Our advantage is that we can innovate and identify products where we are strong."


    "We are making adjustments and the road map hopes to address current problems and anticipate future developments," he added.



    "We lead in the supply of components for cell phones and the wafers and chips for semi-conductors as well as electrical connections for cars," he said. "But we have to go beyond those and develop products like a hybrid, single cylinder for agricultural and marine engines."


    "We have to strengthen our strategic partnership, we can’t compete with ourselves at every level," Cruz said.



    "We need to organize the industry to focus on specific product lines like smart and environment-friendly alloys. We have the talent, we just have to upgrade our facilities with state-of-the-art equipment and rationalize research and development and zero in on limited product lines," he said.


    Fudolig said the country is strong in metal casting and local foundry is at par with countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (Asean).


    "We’re competitive, we just don’t have some of the new technology. We have the skills, although there is an exodus of manpower. That’s why we continuously train people so our workforce is not depleted," he said.


    Manpower development is one critical area identified by the road map for the industry to be competitive globally. Other areas are the development of new markets and the upgrading of products, machineries and services.


    In machining and fabrication, for example, the road map recognizes the country’s strength in a competent workforce able to produce spare parts for equipment and machineries; on-time delivery with prices competitive with imported items; and the ability for innovative designs and fabrication suited for local conditions.


    On the other hand, the industry lacks the resources for manpower upgrading. Some companies resist change, especially in adopting new technologies. Some local fabrications are more expensive because of imported raw materials and the inability to compete with automated product lines. The cost of electricity is also prohibitive.


    Threats to the industry include inexpensive imports from China and ineffective government control of substandard products and surplus machineries from abroad. Stakeholders are also worried about the influx of cheaper products as free trade starts within Asean.


    Still, opportunities abound. The potential demand for local products is high because of the large market for equipment; local manufacturers are able to cope with outsourcing orders from abroad and enter into joint ventures with foreign firms.


    "The basic foundations are there," said Pilar. "The production of ferrous and non-ferrous casting, for example, is in place in terms of equipment, technology and manpower."


    "The tool and die sector aims to be at par with Japan and even compete with Asian and European countries," he added. "We can even make the country the number one tool and die maker in the region."


    He said the trick is to find a niche and compete in servicing the needs of the huge electronics market, for a start, although these require high capital investments.


    http://www.malaya.com.ph/06222010/busi1.html

  20. Join Date
    Jun 2007
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    2,857
    #300
    A strong metals industry will mean a strong automotive industry (capable of supplying the metal needs of the auto firms) for the country.

    [SIZE=3]Value-added products needed
    to expand waning metals sector
    [/SIZE]


    BY PAUL ICAMINA
    Malaya Business Insights

    June 23, 2010


    Last of two parts



    "Mind boggling."

    This is how Dr. Rowena L. Guevara, dean of the University of the Philippines College of Engineering, describes the opportunities lost by the metals industry.

    In 2009 the country lost approximately $4.5 billion to the world because of poor balance of trade. While these cover all the goods traded, a similar trend was true for the metals industry, she said.

    "It is mind boggling to me how this could happen," Guevara told a conference on metals and engineering convened by the Metals Industry Research and Development Center (MIRDC) of the Department of Science and Technology.

    "I can only guess that the metal products we are manufacturing are mainly for local consumption and, if there are exports, our prices could be higher than those of China, consequently decreasing the sales of our goods in the world market," she said.

    She pointed out that the economy is vastly dependent on the services and manufacturing sectors, including construction, automotive and tool and die industries.


    While iron or aluminum ingots, for example, are imported and the industries that shape them are in place, these metals are not locally available, she said.

    "It is not surprising to find that the goods we export are outweighed by the goods we import," she said.

    This need not be the case if the country goes beyond "the boundaries of our comfort zones" and address other needs such as those of the semiconductor industry, she said

    Guevara said the country is blessed with gold, copper and nickel – three of the most commonly used metals. But these are only mined and purified here then exported to Japan, China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and other countries for further processing into forms the country later imports for use in the semiconductor, electronic, construction, automotive, energy, agriculture and food industries.

    "It truly puzzles me why we have been importing gold and copper for the semiconductor industry when in fact these metals are right here in out country," Guevara said.

    In 2009, six mining companies produced 37 tons of gold worth P53 billion. A small part of this was sold to the central bank for making gold bars, to jewelers and to dentists for fillings and crowns.

    "This has long been the practice of the gold market without realizing that we could gain more by using gold for higher value applications such as in electronics, medicine, clean technology and nanotechnology," Guevara said. "These are highly priced products and would increase our profit margin for the gold that we extract and process from our natural resources."

    The semiconductor industry, for one, uses gold wires 1/1,000 of an inch in diameter that serve as interconnects in the complex circuitry printed on the semiconductor chip.


    Local gold bars can be reshaped into a rod that can easily be introduced into a series of tungsten carbine dies that has decreasing bore diameter until a gold wire is made.

    "The basic technology for wire drawing of steel and gold should be very similar, we just have to walk an extra mile in ensuring that stringent specifications are satisfied," she said. "If we are able to do it with steel or copper, then we should be able to do it with gold."

    Last year, four mining companies produced 203 tons of copper concentrates worth P11 billion. The copper cathodes and mineral concentrates were exported and instead of being processed here into wires for electrical, telecommunications, transportation and construction applications.

    In 2009, nine mining companies produced 30 tons of nickel concentrates and 8,300 tons of nickel ore worth P15 billion. All these were exported instead of made into products like stainless steel, medical implants and shape memory alloys.


    [SIZE=3]Guevara admits that putting value in these products is easier said than done. To be able to make the quantum jump, the country need to have the ideal number of scientists and engineers who actually do research of 3.4 per 10,000 populations. [/SIZE]


    Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia have somewhat achieved this proportion while that of Singapore is 50, South Korea a little over 30 and Japan over 50. The corresponding figure for the Philippines is 1.08, she said.

    The MIRDC needs to expand its horizons by responding to the immediate needs of industries and help them add value to the metals extracted here, she said.

    http://www.malaya.com.ph/06232010/busi3.html

Engine design at accessories? kaya na ba?