1. Was I correct in my recommendation to remove the propeller shaft so we might be able to tow the vehicle?

YES, this is actually the best method in towing a rear wheel drive vehicle with the rear wheels on the ground.

2. If we had indeed removed the propeller shaft, would we have been able to tow the vehicle? If yes, would there be any damage to the vehicle?

YES. just make sure that you select the rear-while drive mode, as opposed to 4 wheel drive mode. and just put the tranny in Neutral. you're good to go.

3. Let's assume that I got stuck in the city (here or there in the Philippines) with my A/T ride and I need to move it from Point A (where I stalled) to Point B (where I want it to be moved), how would I do it safely?

actually, any auto tranny can be safely towed with the driving wheels on the ground from 30 to 50kms, depending on the car. just have the tranny in neutral and just keep below the normal speed limits. for longer distances, you should add additional ATF before towing.

NEVER TOW AUTO TRANNIES IN ANY GEAR OTHER THAN "N"EUTRAL!! You will surely ruin the tranny!