LEGAL ADVISORY May 22, 2014
SUBJECT: Driver who drives without license and meets an accident IS NOT AUTOMATICALLY at fault.
Believe it or not, there is a predominant belief among our traffic investigators, that a driver who drives without license and encounters an accident is automatically at fault, hence, to be charged for reckless imprudence, despite of the result of the investigation that the proximate cause of the accident is the other driver, though licensed one, or a pedestrian, in case the unlicensed driver, hits one.
Is it possible that an unlicensed driver who encounters an accident not liable for reckless imprudence?
Yes. It is very possible, and in fact, there is a jurisprudence supporting this proposition. We have discussed in our previous advisory that the basis of reckless imprudence resulting in deaths or physical injuries is negligence. As traffic investigators, we cannot “automatically equate” lack of license to that of negligence absence of others facts showing negligence.
In other words, lack of license alone should not be made the sole basis for a conclusion of negligence. Rather, it must be coupled with other showings of negligence like over-speeding, drunk or drugged driving. In a case, the SC said:
“We do not see how lack of license could be the proximate cause of an injury. If a person, adult or minor, unlicensed to operate an automobile, is entrusted with one and operates it with that degree of care and skill that is required of a licensed operator, negligence cannot be predicated on the mere lack of license.” Opple vs. Ray, 195 N.E. pp. 81
To give an example: Santos, without or with expired license, drives a vehicle. He has been a driver for many years, or at least, evidence shows that he is a proficient driver. He drives his vehicle cautiously in the right lane within the speed limits. Then, Alex, on the opposite lane, with full speed, recklessly overtakes another vehicle, thereby colliding with the vehicle on the opposite direction being driven by Santos . SPO1 Ronald, the traffic investigator of your station, charges Santos for reckless imprudence, allegedly because according to him, a driver, who drives without license or expired license is presumed negligent under the law.
Is SPO1 Ronald correct?
SPO1 Ronald is not correct. It is very clear that the proximate cause of the accident is the negligence of Alex. The being unlicensed status of Santos does not have any connection with the occurrence of the accident. While it is correct that under the law, a driver who commits traffic violations is presumed negligent, this is only a presumption, that maybe overcome by overwhelming contrary evidence, in the case at hand, the clear negligence of Alex.
The liability of Santos is maybe for violation of Traffic Code of the Philippines - driving without license and not for reckless imprudence.
Please share to all our traffic investigators for a good administration of justice...