The panel’s vote followed its review on Monday and Tuesday of several existing studies, with the advisers largely concluding that the research settled the question that the ingredient was useless and no better than a placebo.
There are two main oral decongestants in products on store shelves — phenylephrine and pseudoephedrine.
Phenylephrine, doesn’t work to relieve nasal congestion when taken orally, it is not dangerous, and the products do contain other ingredients that will work to ease cold symptoms.
The decongestant is in at least 250 products that were worth nearly $1.8 billion in sales last year, according to an agency presentation. Among the products: Sudafed Sinus Congestion, Tylenol Cold & Flu Severe, NyQuil Severe Cold & Flu, Theraflu Severe Cold Relief, Mucinex Sinus Max and others.
What’s more: It could possibly renew widespread use of an alternative, pseudoephedrine, whose sales are restricted — placed behind store counters or in locked cabinets because it was often used in illicit meth labs.
As a result, buying pseudoephedrine products can be a clunky, time-consuming process. Even though they don’t require a prescription, they are kept out of customers’ reach, the number of tablets that can be purchased at one time is capped, and consumers must be 18 or over and show identification.
There are also side effects associated with pseudoephedrine, which can raise blood pressure, and cause jitters and wakefulness, Dr. Hendeles said.