The case of the ‘missing’ semen sample
By Solita Collas-Monsod
Philippine Daily Inquirer
First Posted 22:56:00 06/18/2010
IN THE STATE OF TEXAS ALONE, 40 PEOPLE have been exonerated since 1994 of crimes they had been convicted of committing, thanks to DNA testing. They had already served a total of 558 years in prison (an average of 14 years per prisoner) before post-conviction DNA tests on existing evidence showed their innocence. According to the Innocence Project (affiliated with the Benjamin Cardozo School of Law, Yeshiva University), across the United States 254 people have been likewise exonerated.
Hubert Webb, during his trial along with six other co-accused (let us call them the “Vizconde Seven”) in the rape-murder of Carmela Vizconde and the murders of her mother and sister, petitioned Judge Amelia Tolentino that his DNA be tested against the semen specimen taken from Carmela by the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI).
One would have thought that the reactions to that petition should have been a no-brainer: the prosecution would jump at the chance to establish, with 99-percent accuracy, that the semen sample extracted from the rape-murder victim would match the semen sample of Hubert, who they insisted was the perpetrator. And Judge Tolentino would jump at the chance to have the trial speeded up by such damning and incontrovertible evidence.
Well, as it turns out, one would have thought wrong. The prosecution opposed Webb’s motion (why?) and Judge Tolentino took their side and denied it (why?). Not only that, she eventually found Webb and his co-accused guilty of the crimes, in a decision which, I have been informed was being used, as of 2004 (read my Feb. 7, 2004 column ) as a case study by the Philippine Judicial Academy on “How-Not-To-Decide-A-Case.” Unfortunately—and I also wrote about this—the Court of Appeals upheld that awful decision.
Webb filed his petition to have a DNA test on Oct 6, 1997. And after a series of appeals over a 13-year period (the Vizconde Seven languishing in jail in the meantime ), the Supreme Court finally came up with a decision a month ago (April 20, 2010), granting Webb’s motion to direct the NBI to submit the semen specimen recovered from Carmela Vizconde’s body to the UP Natural Science Research Institute for DNA analysis. The Court further ordered the NBI and the UPNSRI to report to it within 15 days from notice regarding compliance.
Webb and his family were euphoric. Finally, the chance, so long denied, to prove his innocence—because in this country, alas, the justice system as practiced seems to presume the defendant guilty until he can prove his innocence beyond reasonable doubt.
The euphoria lasted for a week—because on April 27, 2010, the NBI reported to the high tribunal that it (the NBI) no longer had custody over the semen sample taken from Carmela’s body. Where was it? According to the NBI, it had been submitted as evidence to Judge Tolentino’s trial court when NBI Medico-Legal Chief Prospero A. Cabanayan testified at the end of January and the beginning of February of 1996.
Which claim, apparently, is nonsense.
First, the trial court itself (through the clerk of court) explained that the pieces of evidence submitted by Cabanayan were not the slides containing the semen samples from Carmela but photographs of those slides. And the records of the case support the clerk of court’s explanation. They apparently show not only that the prosecution itself did not offer the slides in evidence, but also that Cabanayan, when asked on Feb. 6, 1996 to produce the slides, which he had promised to bring during the previous hearing, admitted that he “forgot all about it” when he came to the hearing.
Second, a letter from the NBI to Webb, dated April 23, 1997, signed by Dr. Renato Bautista of the NBI Medico-Legal Division, stated that the Vizconde specimen gathered was still existing and in the custody of the NBI, preserved in slides. If, as the NBI recently claims, the NBI had submitted the slides to the trial court in 1996, how could they have been in the custody of the NBI in 1997, as Doctor Bautista asserted?
In other words, the Vizconde specimens never left the custody of the NBI. And yet, not only can the NBI not produce them, it had the temerity to try to lay the blame on the trial court. What can one surmise from this? At best, gross negligence on the part of the prosecution (NBI) because of its failure to preserve potentially exculpatory evidence until final conviction; and at worst, willful suppression of such evidence.
Whether one or the other, it is not Hubert’s fault that DNA testing is no longer a possibility for him. It is only just that he should not be penalized for it. The Vizconde Seven have already been incarcerated (15 years) far longer than the average time served by their Texas counterparts who were finally exonerated.
What can be done?
Acquit him—on the ground that he was denied his constitutional right to due process? He certainly was denied the right to a test which could be potentially exculpatory. This is surely an infinitely stronger ground than some of the Court’s recent decisions are based on.
That would certainly be the best solution. Only consider that the case against the original set of suspects (there were two or three sets before the NBI hit on the Vizconde Seven) was dismissed because they were not apprised of their right to a lawyer before they were interrogated; surely Webb’s rights were even more violated.
At the very least, it would make up for the outrageous Tolentino decision. There would be justice for Hubert Webb—at last.