[SIZE=3][SIZE=2]From Business Mirror 8-8-2007[/SIZE]
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Rich getting richer faster than the poor[/SIZE] By Cai Ordinario Reporter
THE rich get richer at a pace much faster than the poor are improving their lot in many developing countries in Asia, like the Philippines, according to Key Indicators 2007, the latest report from the Asian Development Bank (ADB).
Using the Gini coefficient, the report concluded that the poor in Asia could not catch up with the rapid development in their countries despite significant declines in poverty rates.
“Both relative and absolute inequality have increased in most parts of developing Asia,” the report adds. “While relative inequality is concerned with proportionate differences in incomes, absolute inequality is concerned with actual dollar differences in incomes,” the report said.
In the Philippines, the report said inequality has been high. From 1994 to 2003, the country’s per capita gross domestic product (GDP) grew by an average of 1.9 percent a year, similar to the 1.8-percent average shown in the government’s Family Income and Expenditures Survey (FIES).
Despite this, the ADB said the growth in expenditures was higher among richer individuals. The ADB noted that urban households with highly educated heads have higher per-capita expenditures and per-capita expenditures growth. The ADB also noted that female-headed households have higher per-capita expenditure levels and have seen faster growth trends. However, growth in per-capita expenditures has been higher for households with heads employed in agriculture.
The report identified education, location of the families and individuals’ employments as major variables in the study. However, in the Philippines, only education-related differentials are important in accounting for changes in inequality.
The report said the increasing differences in mean expenditures of households with better-educated heads relative to less-educated households account for as much as 60 percent of the increase in inequality in the Philippines.
“Not surprisingly, education of the household head turns out to be the single most important observable household characteristic explaining inequality. Education accounts for almost half of explained inequality in 1994,” the ADB said.
In a statement, the ADB said countries in Asia with high inequalities should adopt policies that counter negative distribution impacts of market-oriented reforms, such as well-designed social protection mechanisms and skills training programs.
It made a pitch for a concerted effort involving a partnership between the public and private sectors to develop new economic activities and industries to create better employment opportunities.
“Policymakers [also] have to focus on radically improving the quality of basic health care and education available to Asia’s disadvantaged,” the ADB said.
The report said absolute inequality has increased everywhere between the 1990s and 2000s, which has led to more well-off Asians experiencing considerably larger increases in their standards of living than the least well-off.
The ADB said the expenditures of the “rich” have increased much more than those of the “poor.” This has happened even in countries such as Indonesia and Malaysia where relative inequality declined.
“In a region as dynamic and vibrant as developing Asia, low growth in incomes of the poor is reflective of weakness in the pattern of growth. Growing inequalities can weaken social cohesion,” ADB chief economist Ifzal Ali said.
The report warns that in societies where wealth is concentrated in the hands of a few, there is a danger of policy levers being captured by the rich for their own benefit and a weakening of the institutional foundations of the growth process.![]()




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